Agile manufacturing: enablers and an implementation framework

Tougher competitive situations have led to increasing attention being paid to customer satisfaction, of which timely and customized services are the key concepts. As the product life cycle becomes shortened, high product quality becomes necessary for survival. Markets become highly diversi® ed and global, and continuous and unexpected change become the key factors for success. The need for a method of rapidly and cost-e€ ectively developing products, production facilities and supporting software, including design, process planning and shop ̄ oor control system has led to the concept of agile manufacturing. Agile manufacturing can be de® ned as the capability to survive and prosper in a competitive environment of continuous and unpredictable change by reacting quickly and e€ ectively to changing markets, driven by customer-designed products and services. This article details the key concepts and enablers of agile manufacturing. The key enablers of agile manufacturing include: (i) virtual enterprise formation tools/metrics; (ii) physically distributed manufacturing architecture and teams; (iii) rapid partnership formation tools/metrics; (iv) concurrent engineering; (v) integrated product/production/business information system; (vi) rapid prototyping tools; and (vii) electronic commerce. A conceptual framework for the development of an agile manufacturing system and future research directions are presented in this paper. This framework takes into account the customization and system integration with the help of business process redesign, legal issues, concurrent engineering, computer-integrated manufacturing, cost management, total quality management and information technology.